熔(rong)斷(duan)器的熔(rong)斷(duan)過程(cheng)大致(zhi)分為4個階段(duan)：
（1）熔(rong)(rong)(rong)斷器的(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)體因通過(guo)過(guo)載電(dian)流(liu)或短路(lu)電(dian)流(liu)而發(fa)熱，其溫度上升到熔(rong)(rong)(rong)體材料的(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)點，但仍處于固態，尚(shang)未開(kai)始熔(rong)(rong)(rong)化。
（2）熔體(ti)的部分金屬開始由(you)固態(tai)(tai)向液態(tai)(tai)轉化，這時(shi)由(you)于(yu)熔體(ti)熔化要吸(xi)收一部分熱量，故熔體(ti)溫度始終保護為熔點。
（3）已熔(rong)化的(de)(de)金屬(shu)繼續被加熱，直到其(qi)溫度(du)(du)上(shang)(shang)升到氣化點為止，此即(ji)第二(er)次加熱階段(duan)。 （4） 熔(rong)體(ti)斷裂，出(chu)現間(jian)隙(xi)，并因間(jian)隙(xi)被擊(ji)穿(chuan)而產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)，直至(zhi)該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)被熄(xi)(xi)滅(mie)。 上(shang)(shang)述四(si)個階段(duan)實際上(shang)(shang)是兩個連續的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)：未產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)弧(hu)(hu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)（它包(bao)括前(qian)(qian)(qian)述第一至(zhi)第三共三個階段(duan)）；已產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)后的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。 弧(hu)(hu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)主要特征(zheng)是熔(rong)體(ti)的(de)(de)發熱與熔(rong)化，換言之(zhi)(zhi)，即(ji)熔(rong)斷器在(zai)此過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)功能(neng)在(zai)于(yu)對故障作出(chu)反應。顯然(ran)，過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流相對額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)倍(bei)數(shu)越(yue)大，溫度(du)(du)上(shang)(shang)升就(jiu)越(yue)快，弧(hu)(hu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)也越(yue)短；反之(zhi)(zhi)，過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流倍(bei)數(shu)越(yue)小，弧(hu)(hu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)就(jiu)越(yue)長(chang)。 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)主要特征(zheng)是含有大量金屬(shu)蒸汽的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)在(zai)間(jian)隙(xi)內蔓延、燃(ran)積，并在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動力(li)作用于(yu)下介質中(zhong)運動，為介質所冷卻(que)，最后因弧(hu)(hu)隙(xi)增大以(yi)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)能(neng)量被吸(xi)收而無法持續燃(ran)熾(chi)，終于(yu)熄(xi)(xi)滅(mie)。這個過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)持續時間(jian)決定于(yu)熔(rong)斷器的(de)(de)有效熄(xi)(xi)弧(hu)(hu)能(neng)力(li)。
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