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直流熔斷器和交流熔斷器的區別

作者：admin 來源：本站(zhan) 發布時間：2019-09-06 01:04:27 瀏覽：2644
如何(he)正確選用(yong)直流熔斷(duan)器進行有效的(de)保護,是(shi)用(yong)戶和制(zhi)造廠都應認真對待(dai)的(de)問題,選用(yong)直流熔斷(duan)器時,不能簡單地照搬交(jiao)流熔斷(duan)器的(de)電氣規格和結構尺寸,因為兩者之間有許多不同的(de)技術規范和設計理(li)念,關乎到(dao)能否安全可靠分斷(duan)故(gu)障電流和不發生意外事故(gu)的(de)綜(zong)合考量。
      
          由于(yu)(yu)(yu)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)沒有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過零(ling)點(dian),因(yin)此(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)開(kai)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)故障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)時(shi),只(zhi)能(neng)依(yi)靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)石(shi)英砂(sha)填料(liao)強(qiang)迫冷卻(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)下(xia),自行(xing)(xing)迅(xun)速熄(xi)滅進(jin)行(xing)(xing)開(kai)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan),比(bi)(bi)開(kai)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)要困難(nan)許多,熔片的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)設計與(yu)焊接方式,石(shi)英砂(sha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)純(chun)度(du)(du)(du)與(yu)粒度(du)(du)(du)配比(bi)(bi)、熔點(dian)高(gao)(gao)低(di)、固化方式等(deng)因(yin)素,都決(jue)定(ding)著對直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)強(qiang)迫熄(xi)滅的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效能(neng)和(he)(he)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下(xia),直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)能(neng)量是(shi)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)燃(ran)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)能(neng)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍以上,為(wei)(wei)了保證(zheng)每一(yi)段電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)能(neng)夠被(bei)限制在(zai)(zai)(zai)可(ke)控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距離之內(nei)同時(shi)迅(xun)速熄(xi)滅,不會出(chu)(chu)現各段電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)直(zhi)(zhi)接串聯導(dao)通(tong)釀成(cheng)巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量匯(hui)集,導(dao)致持續(xu)燃(ran)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)時(shi)間過長(chang)(chang)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)炸裂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事故,直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)一(yi)般要比(bi)(bi)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)長(chang)(chang),否(fou)則在(zai)(zai)(zai)正常使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)看(kan)不出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸(cun)差異,當故障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)現時(shi)就會產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后果。根據(ju)國際熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)技術組織的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推薦(jian)數據(ju),直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓每增(zeng)加150V,熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)(du)即應(ying)(ying)增(zeng)加10mm,依(yi)次類(lei)推直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)(wei)1000V 時(shi),管(guan)體(ti)(ti)長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)(du)應(ying)(ying)為(wei)(wei)70mm,當直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高(gao)(gao)至10KV- 12KV 時(shi),管(guan)體(ti)(ti)長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)(du)至少(shao)應(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)600-700mm,即使(shi)對熔片進(jin)行(xing)(xing)彎折處理(li)(li),管(guan)體(ti)(ti)長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)(du)也應(ying)(ying)保證(zheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)300mm左右,否(fou)則串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)威脅(xie)仍然存在(zai)(zai)(zai)。當今(jin)國內(nei)外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)10-12KV 熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)(du)普遍采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)292-442mm,歐美的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)2000V DC時(shi),圓管(guan)體(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)127-190mm,方形大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)170-200mm,都是(shi)基(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)保證(zheng)安(an)(an)全可(ke)靠分斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)選(xuan)擇。熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi),必(bi)(bi)須(xu)考慮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容能(neng)量存在(zai)(zai)(zai)所(suo)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復雜(za)影(ying)響,因(yin)此(ci)時(shi)間常數L/R 是(shi)不可(ke)忽(hu)略的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要參(can)數,應(ying)(ying)根據(ju)具體(ti)(ti)線路(lu)(lu)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)故障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)衰減率(lv)做準確評(ping)估,不是(shi)隨意選(xuan)大(da)或選(xuan)小(xiao)都可(ke)以。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)時(shi)間常數L/R 大(da)小(xiao)決(jue)定(ding)著分斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)燃(ran)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)能(neng)量和(he)(he)分斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)時(shi)間及允通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,所(suo)以管(guan)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗細與(yu)長(chang)(chang)短(duan)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)而(er)安(an)(an)全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),某些廠家限于(yu)(yu)(yu)現有(you)瓷管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸(cun)或為(wei)(wei)降(jiang)低(di)成(cheng)本,盲(mang)目采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)瓷或短(duan)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作法,是(shi)不負(fu)責和(he)(he)不可(ke)取的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。有(you)些廠家因(yin)為(wei)(wei)沒有(you)自成(cheng)體(ti)(ti)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)產(chan)品,改(gai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)代替(ti)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),從實用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)是(shi)可(ke)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),但基(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)以上所(suo)述的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全原因(yin),當交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)時(shi),應(ying)(ying)該(gai)降(jiang)壓使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。例(li)如西門(men)子公司(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1000V AC 交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)快(kuai)熔,限定(ding)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)440V DC 回(hui)路(lu)(lu),美國EATON'S BUSSMANN的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)700V熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)時(shi)也遵循1.3-1.4的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)壓系數,只(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)500V DC 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)。

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